Calculators by Steve Valentino
A calculator is a device that is used for performing numerical calculations. The first calculator was the abacus, which was constructed as a wooden frame with beads sliding on wires. Calculations were made by moving these beads up and down the wires. ... The modern-day calculator is designed not only for calculations, but also to perform specific operations. ... The complexity of the computer varies with the purpose of the calculator. ... The simple calculator used for simple calculations has four main parts.

Let's Take a Look Back in Time to See How the Computer has Evolved by John Gibb
In many ways, man has been using computers for millennia: an abacus is, after all, simply a very basic form of computer. The first mechanical calculator (the ‘calculating clock’) was built in the 17th century. Programming with punch-cards has been around for about 200 years now. ... These computers were massive machines, filling a large room (in some cases, a whole building) and yet having less computing power than a simple calculator does today. ... This is generally regarded as being the beginning of the ‘computer age’, as the popularity of home computers quickly drove prices down and...

The Rather Recent Past of Computers by Driz Memok
With the widespread use of computers today in all there many forms, it is hard to remember that computers are a recent event. A look back through time shows they are a recent event. The past of computers is actually the history of man's attempts to understand and manipulate mathematics. ... Leonardo da Vinci created a mechanical calculator around 1500. ... As the power and use of numbers became more apparent, attempts were made to make mathematical calculations with mechanical devices. ... At the same time these mechanical contraptions were being invented, the other components that would...

History of the Computer - Artificial Intelligence - is it possible? by Tony Stockill
In the History of the Computer series, we have seen how electronics, developed at an accelerated rate during the second world war, came to be adapted to make the digital computer. CHARLES BABBAGE Before this time various mechanical devices, such as the 'Analytical Engine' , proposed by... An earlier design, of the 'Difference Engine' was intended to calculate various mathematical tables, such as Logarithmic tables, well known to students before the calculator came along. ... Babbage had designed the machine as a calculator remarkably similar to a modern computer, in that it was to be...

History of the Computer - Computers and Technology by Michael Cooper
The volume and use of computers in the world are so great, they have become difficult to ignore anymore. Computers appear to us in so many ways that many times, we fail to see them as they actually are. People associated with a computer when they purchased their morning coffee at the vending... Charles Xavier Thomas) created the first successful mechanical calculator that could add, subtract, multiply, and divide. ... He began to design an automatic mechanical calculating machine, which he called a difference engine.

Epson Yesterday and Today by John Sollars
Epson started as watch making company Seiko Epson Corporation, Japan. Epson was established in 1961 to manufacture precision parts for Seiko watches, back then it was called Shinsu Precision Manufacturing Company. Epson’s first foray into the printing and imaging business was the Olympics of... The process being mechanical and done under pressure requires considerable amount of energy and the smaller the particle size the more energy required and energy is expensive! ... The second disadvantage is that the particle size is not uniform and cannot be controlled, again because the process is...