How To Control The Way Linux Starts Up: GUI or Command Line Interface by George Chamoun
If you were interested in learning linux, one of the main reasons was learning how to work using Linux Shell environment. That is the Command Line Interface ( CLI). How Did I know?. It happened to me, and the most asked Question is how to access the Command line in Linux. ... Here is how you do it: 1-If you are presented with the command line after Linux boots, And after you login and end up at the command line prompt, you Type: STARTX The above command start up the GUI from the command line, and Get you in the Graphic GUI environment of Linux.

Cisco CCNA Exam Tutorial: Troubleshooting Directly Connected Serial Interfaces by Chris Bryant
CCNA exam success depends largely on noticing the details, and this is especially true of configurations involving directly connected serial interfaces. And of course, it's not enough to notice these details - you've got to know what to do about them! ... R3(config-if)#int s1 R3(config-if)#ip address 172.12.13.3 255.255.255.0 R3(config-if)#no shutdown 2d18h: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1, changed state to up 2d18h: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1, changed state to up R3(config-if)# 2d18h: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1, changed...

Cisco CCNA Certification Exam Tutorial: The OSPF RID by Chris Bryant
OSPF is a major topic on your CCNA exam, as well it should be. OSPF is a widely-used WAN protocol, and you need to learn the fundamentals before moving on to more complicated configurations. One such detail is the OSPF Router ID, or RID. The RID is the dotted decimal value by which other OSPF... [no]: yes 1d05h: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 3.3.3.3 on Serial0 from 2WAY to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Interface down or detached 1d05h: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on Serial0 from 2WAY to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Interface down or detached After entering the router-id command, the router...

Cisco CCNA Exam Tutorial: Directly Connected Serial Interfaces by Chris Bryant
To pass the CCNA exam, you've got to master quite a few services and routing protocols that may be new to you. Between RIP, IGRP, EIGRP, OSPF, and switching, there are hundreds of details you've got to absorb! It's easy to spend all your time on those topics and not pay proper attention to... On the interface with the DCE attached, use the clockrate command to bring the line protocol up. ... We'll use the command clockrate 56000 on R3's serial1 interface, and the line protocol will soon come up.

Cisco CCNA / CCNP Exam Tutorial: Testing ISDN Links Without Pings by Chris Bryant
To earn your Cisco CCNA and CCNP certifications, you've got to master ISDN - and despite what some people say, there's still a lot of ISDN out there that needs to be supported. And when it comes to troubleshooting ISDN, there's a lot to look at. Is the correct ISDN switchtype configured? ... R1#isdn call interface bri0 8358662 R1# 03:54:43: BR0 DDR: Attempting to dial 8358662 03:54:43: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:1, changed state to up 03:54:44: BR0:1 DDR: dialer protocol up 03:54:45: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface BRI0:1, changed state to up 03:54:49:...

Passing The Cisco CCNA Exam: An Illustrated Guide To Router Modes by Chris Bryant
When you're getting started on your CCNA studies, learning the different router modes is key to passing your Intro and ICND exams. But keeping those modes straight can be very difficult. (At least it was for me!) Let's take a look at the various router modes you'll need to know about to pass... R1(config)#line console 0 R1(config-line)#password cisco R1(config-line)#login R1(config-line)#line vty 0 4 R1(config-line)#password cisco R1(config-line)#login Notice that you do not have to exit one interface mode to go to another one.

Cisco CCNA / CCNP Certification Exam: Troubleshooting Direct Serial Connections by Chris Bryant
Connecting Cisco routers directly via their Serial interfaces works really well once you get it running - and getting such a connection up and running is easy enough. You can use show controller serial x to find out which endpoint is acting as the DCE, and it's the DCE that must be configured... R3(config)#int s1 R3(config-if)#no clockrate 56000 R3(config-if)# 18:02:19: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1, changed state to down The line protocol doesn't drop immediately, but it does drop.

Cisco CCNA Exam Tutorial: IGRP And Equal Cost Load Balancing by Chris Bryant
To pass the CCNA exam, you've got to know the role of the bandwidth command with IGRP and EIGRP and when to use it. In this tutorial, we'll configure IGRP over a frame relay hub-and-spoke network using the following networks: R1 (the hub), R2, and R3 are running IGRP over the 172.12.123.0 /24... R1#conf t R1(config)#interface serial1 R1(config-if)#bandwidth 512 R3#conf t R3(config)#interface serial 1 R3(config-if)#bandwidth 512 IGRP’s assumption that all serial lines run at 1544 KBPS is overridden by the bandwidth 512 command.

Cisco CCNA / CCNP Home Lab Setup Tutorial: How To Buy & Build A Frame Relay Switch by Chris Bryant
One of the major topics on your CCNA and CCNP exams is Frame Relay. Additionally, Frame Relay is one of the most popular WAN technolgies in today's networks. Getting hands-on experience with Frame Relay in Cisco networks isn't just a good idea, it's a necessity. ... frame-relay route - the command 122 - the incoming DLCI on this interface interface serial2 - the interface the data will be sent out 221 - the outgoing DLCI This command on S1 means that anything that comes in on this port on DLCI 122 will be sent out interface serial2 on DLCI 221.

Cisco CCNA Exam Tutorial: Loopback Interfaces by Chris Bryant
As a CCNA candidate, you most likely have some background in PC hardware and workstation support. If so, you're already familiar with loopback interfaces, particularly 127.0.0.1, the loopback address assigned to a PC. When you're learning all about the different physical interfaces for your CCNA... If you attempt to assign an address from this range to a Cisco loopback interface, you get this result: R1#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. ... In contrast, a physical interface being down does not mean the router itself is out of commission.