Cisco CCNP / BCMSN Exam Tutorial: Configuring CGMP On Routers & Switches by Chris Bryant
If a Layer Two switch doesn't have the capabilities to run IGMP Snooping, it will be able to run CGMP - Cisco Group Membership Protocol. CGMP allows the multicast router to work with the Layer Two switch to eliminate unnecessary multicast forwarding. ... PIM must be running on the router interface facing the switch before enabling CGMP, as you can see: R1(config)#int e0 R1(config-if)#ip cgmp WARNING: CGMP requires PIM enabled on interface R1(config-if)#ip pim sparse R1(config-if)#ip cgmp When CGMP is first enabled on both the multicast router and switch, the router will send a CGMP...

Vlans by Kashif Raza
In order to implement VLANs in a network environment, you'll need a Layer 2 switch that supports them. Almost all switches sold today that are described as "managed" switches provide the ability to make ports members of different VLANs. However, switches that don't provide any configuration... In some cases, it's entirely possible that a packet will leave switch port 1, be forwarded to an external router, and then be routed right back to port 2 on the originating switch. ... If a switch includes Layer 3 capabilities, it can be configured to route traffic between VLANs defined in the...

Cisco CCNA Certification: Defining Broadcast Domains by Chris Bryant
When you're studying to pass the CCNA exam and earn your certification, you're introduced to a great many terms that are either totally new to you or seem familiar, but you're not quite sure what they are. The term "broadcast domain" falls into the latter category for many CCNA candidates. ... By default, a switch has no effect on broadcast domains; CCNA candidates know that a switch will forward a broadcast out every single port on that switch except the one upon which it was received. ... A broadcast sent by one host in a VLAN will not be forwarded out every other port on the switch.

Cisco CCNA Certification Exam Tutorial: Configuring And Troubleshooting VTP by Chris Bryant
Not only is your CCNA exam going to have questions on VLAN trunking protocol, almost any network that has more than one VLAN is going to have VTP running. Whether you're planning on passing the CCNA exam or just brushing up on your networking skills, this VTP tutorial will help you learn the... VTP servers will know about every VLAN, even VLANs that have no members on that switch. ... In client mode, the switch cannot modify, create, or delete VLANs. ... An interesting side effect of the server/client methodology is that if a VLAN is only to have ports on the VTP client switch, the VLAN...

Network+ Certification Exam Tutorial: How And When To Use Virtual LANs (VLANs) by Chris Bryant
From your Network+ exam studies, you know that switches forward broadcasts, and that sounds great, but that's not always a good thing. A switch can have anywhere from 12 ports to 80 or more, and by default all hosts connected to that switch are going to be in the same broadcast domain. ... Let's take a eight-port switch for example, where three of the hosts are in the Security department, another three in the Accounting department, and the other two in the Publishing department. ... When a switch is configured with VLANs, the switch will forward a broadcast only to those hosts in the same...

Cisco CCNP / BCMSN Exam Tutorial: Dynamic VLANs and VMPS by Chris Bryant
Knowledge of Dynamic VLANs and VMPS is important in your efforts to pass the BCMSN exam and earn your CCNP, and it's also a great skill to have for your networking career. As a CCNA and CCNP candidate, you know how and why to configure static VLANs. Static VLANs can be a powerful tool for... With static VLANs, we'd have to connect to the switch, configure the port as an access port, and then place the port into VLAN 12. ... (Yet another reason that the first value a switch looks at on an incoming frame is the source MAC address.) In my home lab network, I've got a host connected to switch...

Passing The CCNA And CCNP: Cisco Home Lab FAQ by Chris Bryant
There is a real revolution today among CCNA and CCNP candidates. More and more of you are turning your back on "router simulators" and putting your own CCNA and/or CCNP Home Lab together, which is the best way to totally prepare to pass these tough Cisco exams. ... You don't have to have an access server right away, but once you add a few more routers and switches to your lab, you'll get tired of moving the rollover cable from console port to console port. ... A frame relay switch is not a switch; it's a Cisco router that has been configured to serve as a frame relay provider in your home...

Cisco Certification: Building Your Home Lab, Part II by Chris Bryant
In the first part of this home lab tutorial, CCNA and CCNP candidates can see that there are a LOT of choices when it comes to what to buy to build your own Cisco practice lab. Having been there myself, I know it's confusing to decide how many routers or switches to buy, and what I need at the... (You must know how to do that before you think of taking the CCNA exams!) Depending on the switch, you can also get some practice putting the Ethernet ports in different VLANs and working with the switch IOS.

Implementing Number Portability In Mobile Communication by Balamurugan Balusamy
a)OFF-SWITCH SOLUTIONS There could be two ways to access the database, using the All-Call-Query, or the Query-on-Release methods. a.1 ALL-CALL-QUERY METHOD The originating network first checks the location of the dialed number in the central database and then routes the call directly to the... Designing efficient, simple, secure and yet practical porting procedures for number portability may involve addressing issues such as the role of retailers, the need to change SIM cards or handsets, existing customer obligations, authentication of customers requesting a port, communication...

Cisco CCNA / CCNP / BCMSN Exam Review: Trunking And Trunking Protocols by Chris Bryant
To earn your CCNA or CCNP certification, you've got to understand the basics of trunking. This isn't just a CCNA topic - you must have an advanced understanding of trunking and etherchannels to pass the BCMSN exam and earn your CCNP as well. Before we address those advanced topics, though, you... The default mode of a switch port does differ between models, so always check your documentation. ... On Cisco 2950 switches, every single port is in dynamic desirable mode by default, meaning that every port is actively attempting to trunk.